Economic and Environmental Analyses of Biodiesel Production Processes From Unused Low-grade Oil

被引：1
作者：
Semie Kim [1 ]
Pyeong-Gon Jung [1 ]
Young-Il Lim [1 ]
Youn Kim [2 ]
Youngdo Yang [2 ]
Sang Tae Park [3 ]
机构：
[1] CoSPE, Department of Chemical Engineering, Hankyong National University, Gyeonggi-DoJungang-Ro 327, Anseong-Si
[2] Emax Solutions, 63 Gombaemi-Gil, Seo-Myeon, Jeollanam-Do, Suncheon-Si
[3] SBK, 49, Sandan-Ro, Jeonbuk-Do, Gunsan-Si
来源：
BioEnergy Research | / 18卷 / 1期
基金：
新加坡国家研究基金会;
关键词：
Biodiesel production; CO[!sub]2[!/sub] emissions reduction (CER); Free fatty acid (FFA); Techno-economic analysis (TEA); Two-step transesterification; Unused low-grade oil (LGO);
D O I：
10.1007/s12155-024-10805-9
中图分类号：
学科分类号：
摘要：
Two two-step transesterification processes are presented for biodiesel (BD) production from 300 t/d unused low-grade oil (LGO) with 24.5 wt% of free fatty acid (FFA). Acid-catalyzed (case 1) and enzymatic (case 2) esterifications were used for FFA reduction. The FFA in LGO was converted into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by H2SO4-catalyzed esterification (case 1) or transformed into sodium salts (soap) via a neutralization reaction with NaOH (case 2). In case 2, FFA was separated from soap and transformed into monoesters via enzymatic esterification. The two de-acidification processes decreased the FFA content of LGO to 0.5 wt%, enabling the production of 294 t-BD/d through subsequent alkali-catalyzed transesterification. Case 2, using an enzyme, was proposed to reduce the concentration of H2SO4, resulting in less corrosion to downstream equipment. The total production cost of case 2 ($62 million/y) was 32% higher than that of case 1 ($47 million/y) because of the greater consumption of CH3OH, H2SO4, NaOH, and enzyme during FFA reduction. The total capital investment for case 2 ($41 million) exceeded that of case 1 ($31 million). Consequently, the minimum fuel selling price of case 2 (0.58 $/kg-BD) is higher than that of case 1 (0.42 $/kg-BD). The net CO2 emissions reduction of the produced BD is 2.47 kg-CO2/kg-BD for case 1 and 2.34 kg-CO2/kg-BD for case 2. Given the variability in the acidity and composition of the feedstocks, future studies should include comparative economic and environmental analyses of various raw materials. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature 2024.
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