Effect of sintering temperature on energy storage performance of (Na0.2Bi0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2Ca0.2)TiO3 high-entropy perovskite ceramics

The energy storage characteristics of dielectric ceramics are widely recognized to be heavily dependent on the sintering temperature used in their fabrication process. This study investigates the energy storage performance and energy density of (Na0.2Bi0.2Ba0.2Sr0.2Ca0.2)TiO3 (NBBSCT) high-entropy ceramics synthesized via the solid-phase method at varying sintering temperatures (1100, 1150, 1200, 1250, and 1300 degrees C). The results show that the ceramics sintered at 1150 degrees C exhibit superior energy storage density, a higher dielectric constant (epsilon r = 1907), and a lower dielectric loss (tan delta = 0.04). Specifically, the energy density was measured at 2.28 J/cm3, while the energy storage efficiency reached 70% under an applied electric field of 200 kV/cm. These findings highlight the significant impact of different sintering temperatures on the characteristics of the NBBSCT high-entropy ceramics. This study provides crucial insights that are vital for development of high-performance energy storage materials.