Tracing the Fate of Metal Contamination in Groundwater and Its Health Risks: Insights from Madurai Block, Tamil Nadu, India

被引：0

作者：

Rajendran, Muthuramalingam ^{[1
]}

Kulandaisamy, Prabakaran ^{[1
]}

Thangaraj, Kongeswaran ^{[1
]}

Karthikeyan, Sivakumar ^{[1
]}

Senapathi, Venkatramanan ^{[2
]}

Velmayil, Perumal ^{[1
]}

Arumugam, Muruganantham ^{[1
]}

Maluventhi, Saravana Kumar ^{[1
]}

Sugumaran, Sathish ^{[1
]}

Sundaram, Bangarupriyanga ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Alagappa Univ, Fac Sci, Dept Geol, Karaikkudi 630003, Tamil Nadu, India

[2] Natl Coll, PG & Res Dept Geol, Tiruchirappalli 620001, Tamil Nadu, India

来源：

WATER AIR AND SOIL POLLUTION | 2025年 / 236卷 / 03期

关键词：

Heavy metals; Groundwater; Pollution; Health Risk Assessment; Remote sensing; GIS; HEAVY-METALS; CHEMISTRY; FLUORIDE; INDEX; WATER; RIVER;

D O I：

10.1007/s11270-025-07820-7

中图分类号：

X [环境科学、安全科学];

学科分类号：

08 ; 0830 ;

摘要：

This study addresses groundwater quality in Madurai block by examining heavy metal contamination and its potential health risks. Being the second largest city after Chennai, Madurai's groundwater quality has not been analyzed for heavy metal contamination so far. In 2022, groundwater samples were taken from 60 wells in the pre- and post-monsoon seasons. The heavy metal concentrations of Cu, Cr, Cd, Co, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn were measured. The results showed that most of the groundwater samples exceeded the (World Health Organisation (2019) World health statistics overview: Monitoring health for the sustainable development goals), (Bureau of Indian Standards (2012) Drinking water specifications) and (USEPA (2018) National primary drinking water regulations (EPA 816-F-09-004)) limits for drinking water. A spatial analysis using kriging interpolation in GIS and a multivariate statistical analysis were performed to decipher the interrelationships of the metals. The results indicate different sources of heavy metals, primarily caused by weathering and evaporation in both seasons. Pollution indices such as HPI, HEI and DOC were used to comprehensively assess the extent of metal pollution in groundwater. The Hazard Quotient and Hazard Index emphasized the significant health risks to infants, children and adults. To improve the quality of groundwater, this region needs to adopt sustainable and environmentally friendly water management strategies, such as rainwater harvesting, wastewater treatment and strict pollution control measures.

引用

页数：28

共 82 条

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