Thermalization and criticality on an analogue-digital quantum simulator

被引：13

作者：

Andersen, T. I. ^{[1
]}

Astrakhantsev, N. ^{[1
]}

Karamlou, A. H. ^{[1
]}

Berndtsson, J. ^{[1
]}

Motruk, J. ^{[2
]}

Szasz, A. ^{[1
]}

Gross, J. A. ^{[1
]}

Schuckert, A. ^{[3
]}

Westerhout, T. ^{[4
]}

Zhang, Y. ^{[1
]}

Forati, E. ^{[1
]}

Rossi, D. ^{[2
]}

Kobrin, B. ^{[1
]}

Di Paolo, A. ^{[1
]}

Klots, A. R. ^{[1
]}

Drozdov, I. ^{[1
,5
]}

Kurilovich, V. ^{[1
]}

Petukhov, A. ^{[1
]}

Ioffe, L. B. ^{[1
]}

Elben, A. ^{[6
,7
]}

Rath, A. ^{[8
]}

Vitale, V. ^{[8
]}

Vermersch, B. ^{[1
,8
]}

Acharya, R. ^{[1
]}

Beni, L. A. ^{[1
]}

Anderson, K. ^{[1
]}

Ansmann, M. ^{[1
]}

Arute, F. ^{[1
]}

Arya, K. ^{[1
]}

Asfaw, A. ^{[1
]}

Atalaya, J. ^{[1
]}

Ballard, B. ^{[1
]}

Bardin, J. C. ^{[1
,9
]}

Bengtsson, A. ^{[1
]}

Bilmes, A. ^{[1
]}

Bortoli, G. ^{[1
]}

Bourassa, A. ^{[1
]}

Bovaird, J. ^{[1
]}

Brill, L. ^{[1
]}

Broughton, M. ^{[1
]}

Browne, D. A. ^{[1
]}

Buchea, B. ^{[1
]}

Buckley, B. B. ^{[1
]}

Buell, D. A. ^{[1
]}

Burger, T. ^{[1
]}

Burkett, B. ^{[1
]}

Bushnell, N. ^{[1
]}

Cabrera, A. ^{[1
]}

Campero, J. ^{[1
]}

Chang, H. -S. ^{[1
]}

机构：

[1] Google Res, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA

[2] Univ Geneva, Dept Theoret Phys, Geneva, Switzerland

[3] Univ Maryland, NIST, Joint Quantum Inst & Joint Ctr Quantum Informat C, College Pk, MD USA

[4] Radboud Univ Nijmegen, Inst Mol & Mat, Nijmegen, Netherlands

[5] Univ Connecticut, Dept Phys, Storrs, CT USA

[6] CALTECH, Inst Quantum Informat & Matter, Pasadena, CA USA

[7] CALTECH, Walter Burke Inst Theoret Phys, Pasadena, CA USA

[8] Univ Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LPMMC, Grenoble, France

[9] Univ Massachusetts, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Amherst, MA USA

[10] Auburn Univ, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Auburn, AL USA

[11] Univ Technol Sydney, Fac Engn & Informat Technol, QSI, Sydney, NSW, Australia

[12] Univ Calif Riverside, Dept Elect & Comp Engn, Riverside, CA USA

[13] Harvard Univ, Dept Chem & Chem Biol, Cambridge, MA USA

[14] Paul Scherrer Inst, Lab Theoret & Computat Phys, Villigen, Switzerland

[15] Ecole Polytech Fed Lausanne EPFL, Inst Phys, Lausanne, Switzerland

[16] Princeton Univ, Dept Phys, Princeton, NJ 08544 USA

来源：

NATURE | 2025年 / 638卷 / 8049期

关键词：

PHASE-TRANSITIONS; STATISTICAL-MECHANICS; LOCALIZATION; DYNAMICS; ENTANGLEMENT; SUPREMACY; CHAOS;

D O I：

10.1038/s41586-024-08460-3

中图分类号：

O [数理科学和化学]; P [天文学、地球科学]; Q [生物科学]; N [自然科学总论];

学科分类号：

07 ; 0710 ; 09 ;

摘要：

Understanding how interacting particles approach thermal equilibrium is a major challenge of quantum simulators(1,2). Unlocking the full potential of such systems towards this goal requires flexible initial state preparation, precise time evolution and extensive probes for final state characterization. Here we present a quantum simulator comprising 69 superconducting qubits that supports both universal quantum gates and high-fidelity analogue evolution, with performance beyond the reach of classical simulation in cross-entropy benchmarking experiments. This hybrid platform features more versatile measurement capabilities compared with analogue-only simulators, which we leverage here to reveal a coarsening-induced breakdown of Kibble-Zurek scaling predictions(3) in the XY model, as well as signatures of the classical Kosterlitz-Thouless phase transition(4). Moreover, the digital gates enable precise energy control, allowing us to study the effects of the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis(5-7) in targeted parts of the eigenspectrum. We also demonstrate digital preparation of pairwise-entangled dimer states, and image the transport of energy and vorticity during subsequent thermalization in analogue evolution. These results establish the efficacy of superconducting analogue-digital quantum processors for preparing states across many-body spectra and unveiling their thermalization dynamics.

引用

页码：79 / +

页数：21

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