Trends in osteoporosis assessment, diagnosis after fragility fractures, and treatment for hospitalized patients with osteoporosis or fragility fractures between 2012 and 2021

Our study investigated trends in osteoporosis management in Xiamen from 2012 to 2021, revealing improvements in screening and treatment, although medication use remained low. Additionally, we identified factors that may influence medication use and emphasized the importance of effective osteoporosis management strategies. Purpose The goal of the current study is to explore trends in assessment, diagnosis after fragility fractures, and osteoporosis treatment among hospitalized patients in Xiamen, China, between 2012 and 2021. Methods We conducted a retrospective cross-sectional study, using the Cochran-Armitage trend test to describe trends. Logistic regression was performed to identify the influencing factors of anti-osteoporosis medication (AOM) treatment. We performed a sensitivity analysis to verify the robustness of our findings. Results From 2012 to 2021, the rates of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans and bone turnover marker (BTM) examinations increased from 0 to 37% and 36.5%, respectively. 29.3% of patients with fragility fractures were diagnosed with osteoporosis. The use rate of AOM was only 22.7%. There was an upward trend in the prescription of bisphosphonates, increasing from 1% in 2012 to 16.8% in 2021. The use of calcitonin ranged from 4.1% (2014) to 32.7% (2021). Calcium and vitamin D supplementation prescribing increased significantly from 5.6% in 2012 to 78.7% in 2021. Logistic regression analysis showed that old age, female sex, history of fractures, DXA scans, and osteoporosis diagnosis were significantly associated with increased AOM use. Tobacco use, hypertension, diabetes, congestive heart failure, cerebral vascular accidents, and severe liver diseases were associated with a reduced likelihood of AOM treatment. Conclusions Although assessment, diagnosis after fragility fractures, and osteoporosis treatment have increased over the past decade, there are still deficiencies in the management of osteoporosis. In the future, it will be necessary to further strengthen management of osteoporosis.