Study of surface water quality for domestic use near a municipal solid waste dumping site in Bhuasuni, Odisha, India

The solid waste has become an urgent public health and environmental problem worldwide. In India, most of the rural and urban areas are facing issues like pollution of environment as well various health problems for people living nearer areas. In India, one of the developing state Odisha is also facing municipal solid waste disposal. Current capital city of Odisha, i.e., Bhubaneswar, is one of the smart city and total generated municipal solid wastes (MSW) are dumping at Bhuasuni area located within the city. The open disposal of MSW is posing various pollutions (water, air, etc.) in surrounding areas. In this study, the surface water quality clearly shows various 2007 Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) quality class parameters [pH, electrical conductivity (EC), dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), and total coliform count (TC)] are higher due to the disposal of MSW in the nearby area of Bhuasuni dumping sites, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India. As per water quality index (WQI) classification, Bhuasuni area indicates that overall surface water samples were 60% poor, 40% good quality at sampling locations SW1, SW2, SW3, SW4, SW5, SW6, SW7, SW8, SW9, SW10. The water quality at some locations poor (SW1, SW2, SW4 and SW8), very poor (SW10) and unfit (SW9) for domestic purpose. A correlation study between WQI and physico-chemical parameters showed higher WQI values mainly due to sulfate (SO42−), total hardness (TH), nitrate (NO3−), and BOD with correlation co-efficient, r = 0.502, 0.539, 0.832, 0.626, respectively. The study found that a clear variation in the mean concentrations of above-mentioned parameters is higher at surface water sampling locations (SW9 and SW10), 80% of the samples belong to quality class ‘C’ as per drinking water source after conventional treatment and disinfection (CPCB in Guidelines for water quality monitoring, MINARS/27/2007-08, 2007).