Potential Use of Reticular Materials (MOFs, ZIFs, and COFs) for Hydrogen Storage

Hydrogen has the potential to be a viable, clean, alternative energy source to nonrenewable fossil fuels. However, hydrogen's use as an alternative fuel has been hindered by practical storage issues and safety concerns. Hence, it is of utmost importance to develop resourceful materials for hydrogen storage to achieve the real-world integration of hydrogen-powered fuel-cell vehicles. This review article summarizes recent innovations and developments using cutting-edge porous materials such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), zeolite imidazole frameworks (ZIFs), and covalent organic frameworks (COFs), which can effectively adsorb hydrogen owing to their structural versatility. We have emphasized recent innovations and developments in hydrogen storage materials and technologies that have shown benefits in both gravimetric and volumetric estimations. Ultimately, the goal of this Review is to outline key strategies for enhancing the hydrogen storage capabilities of porous materials. Finding ways to better store hydrogen could help address society's environmental and energy needs as we transition from fossil fuels to cleaner alternatives like hydrogen.