Research progress on low-temperature stress response mechanisms and mitigation strategies in plants

Low temperature is a significant stressor that adversely affects plant growth and development, limiting the geographical distribution of crops. Global climate variability and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events have exacerbated the severity of low-temperature stress. In response, plants have evolved complex mechanisms to adapt to these conditions. This review aims to synthesize the latest research on the effects of low-temperature stress on plant growth, mechanisms of temperature perception and signal transduction, and physiological and molecular responses of plants to low-temperature stress. By elucidating the mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to low temperatures, we seek to enhance our understanding of how plants perceive and respond to cold environments. Furthermore, we propose effective strategies to improve plant cold tolerance while ensuring growth, yield, and quality. This paper also introduces recent advancements in the field and provides innovative insights and research perspectives for enhancing plant cold tolerance. Additionally, we summarize effective measures to alleviate low-temperature stress from multiple angles and identify potential research directions to further explore the mechanisms of plant cold tolerance.