A novel approach to determine the Sombor-type indices via M-polynomial

Topological indices can be interpreted as the mathematical characterizations of a molecular compound and are significantly employed to forecast its physical, chemical and biological information. Computation of topological indices of a graph through its associated graph polynomial is a modern and optimal approach. One such method is to determine the degree-based topological indices of a graph using its M-polynomial. Among the class of degree-based topological indices, the Sombor indices are one of the most investigated indices in recent times. In this article, the M-polynomial-based derivation formulas are derived to compute the different Sombor-type indices, namely the Sombor index, modified Sombor index, first and second Banhatti-Sombor indices, and their reduced form of the Sombor indices. Furthermore, our proposed derivation formulas are applied to compute the Sombor-type indices of the jagged-rectangle benzenoid system Bm,n\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$B_{m,n}$$\end{document}. Additionally, the comparison among the Sombor-type indices of Bm,n\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \usepackage{amsmath} \usepackage{wasysym} \usepackage{amsfonts} \usepackage{amssymb} \usepackage{amsbsy} \usepackage{mathrsfs} \usepackage{upgreek} \setlength{\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \begin{document}$$B_{m,n}$$\end{document} is presented through numerical and graphical representations.