Risk factors of costal pain of thoracic osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a multicenter retrospective analysis

The phenomenon of costal pain of thoracic osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) has been reported. However, to our knowledge, few reports with a larger sample size have analyzed the risk factors of costal pain of thoracic OVCFs. The aim of this study is to evaluate the risk factors of the costal pain in thoracic OVCFs patients. A total of 425 consecutive OVCFs patients were included in this retrospective study. Data on the clinical and radiological parameters were obtained and evaluated. Independent t-tests and chi-square tests were used in univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed for statistically significant variables. P < 0.05 was considered to indicate statistical significance. Ultimately, 67 of 425 OVCFs patients with costal pain of were divided into Group A (costal pain group) and the rest into Group B (non-costal pain group). In the univariate analysis, the risk factors of costal pain of OVCFs included fracture level, TA, ratio of injured vertebral width, and reduction ratio of foraminal area (P < 0.001, P = 0.031, P = 0.003, P < 0.001, respectively). Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that independent risk factors of costal pain of thoracic OVCFs were middle thoracic vertebra [odds ratio (OR) = 5.520, P < 0.001], ratio of injured vertebral width [(OR = 76.138, P = 0.025)] and reduction ratio of foraminal area [(OR = 1.019, P = 0.027)]. The independent risk factors of costal pain of thoracic OVCFs were middle thoracic vertebra, ratio of injured vertebral width and reduction ratio of foraminal area.