Coordinated routing, charging, and power grid for electric and hydrogen vehicles with renewable energy integration

This study introduces an innovative integrated charging infrastructure model for electric and hydrogen vehicles. The model caters to the specific needs of both vehicle types by incorporating routing and charging plans to enhance navigation and charging strategies, reducing driver range anxiety. Charging demands are predicted based on the remaining ranges and charging plans of electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen vehicles. Power procurement prices at each charging station are determined through competitive bidding. The model also accounts for energy accessibility from various sources such as the power grid, solar, and wind. It monitors the state of charge (SOC) at charging station batteries. Additionally, it focuses on maintaining a consistent hydrogen fuel supply for hydrogen vehicles by closely monitoring the electrolyzer and hydrogen tank to guarantee uninterrupted fuel availability. The proposed model was tested and evaluated for its effectiveness in managing the complexities of routing, charging, and grid-aware operations through three case studies.