The impact of interprofessional collaboration between pharmacists and community health workers on medication adherence: a systematic review

BackgroundThere is increasing evidence to support the effectiveness of interventions involving community health workers (CHWs) in improving patient health outcomes, which reinforces their growing integration in healthcare teams. However, little is known about the interprofessional collaboration between pharmacists and CHWs. This systematic review aimed to explore the impact of interprofessional interventions involving pharmacists and CHWs on patient medication adherence.MethodsThe English language scientific literature published in Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, CINAHL, Scopus, plus the grey literature were searched in October 2024. Using the software Covidence, two authors screened article titles and abstracts and assessed full-text articles for eligibility. Studies were included if (i) the intervention was delivered by pharmacists and CHWs and (ii) reported on medication adherence outcomes. Data were extracted using a customized template using Excel and synthetized narratively. The Effective Public Health Practice Project quality assessment tool was used to assess the studies' methodological quality.ResultsEight studies met the inclusion criteria, including a total of 1577 participants. Seven studies were conducted in the United States, and six were published since 2020. The interventions consisted of medication therapy management, medication reconciliation, and repeated education sessions. The CHW shared clinical and non-clinical patient information and ensured a culturally safe environment while the pharmacist delivered the clinical intervention. In five studies, medication adherence was evaluated solely through patient self-reported measures. One study used an objective measure (i.e., pharmacy refill records) to evaluate medication adherence. Only two studies assessed medication adherence using both self-reported and objective measures (i.e., pill count and proportion of days covered). A significant improvement in medication adherence was observed in three of the eight studies. Half of the studies were of weak quality and half of moderate quality.ConclusionsThere was a small number of studies identified which focused on the impact of interprofessional collaboration between pharmacists and CHWs on medication adherence. The impact of the interprofessional interventions on medication adherence was limited. Further studies of higher quality are needed to better evaluate the impact of such collaboration on patient health outcomes.RegistrationPROSPERO, ID CRD42024526969.