Green Synthesis of Ethyl 2-[(1H-Indol-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl]-3-oxobutanoate Derivatives Using NiO Nanocatalysts

A series of ethyl 2-[(1H-indol-3-yl)(phenyl)methyl]-3-oxobutanoate derivatives was synthesized via a one-pot multicomponent approach using substituted indoles, ethyl 3-oxobutanoate, and aromatic aldehydes under a conventional heating. The NiO nanoparticles used as nanocatalysts for the Knoevenagel condensation and synthesis of new indole derivatives were discussed. The XRD was used to determine the particle size of the NiO nanoparticle. NiO nanoparticles can be recycled and used again after the reaction course. The ADM analysis and drug-likeness results showed that indole derivatives satisfied the criteria for drug-likeness and Lipinski's principles. The reactivity indices and potential regions derived from the FMO investigations were effectively used in various molecular systems because they offer valuable information. The oxobutanoate derivative's potential reactivity directions were determined and the important areas were highlighted.