Conductivity, dielectric, and modulus formalism in Li2O modified PbO<middle dot>Bi2O3<middle dot>B2O3 glasses

Electrical properties of lithium-modified lead bismuth borate glasses with composition xLi(2)O<middle dot>20PbO<middle dot>(25-x)Bi2O3<middle dot>55B(2)O(3) have been investigated in both the temperature range of 473 K to 573 K and the frequency varying from 10(-1) Hz to 10(5) Hz. To estimate parameters like crossover frequency (omega(H)), frequency exponent (s), and dc conductivity (sigma(dc)) experimental data of ac conductivity was fitted to the Almond-West universal power law. The glass composition 25Li(2)O<middle dot>20PbO<middle dot>55B(2)O(3) exhibits the highest conductivity, approximately 1.71 x 10(-6) S cm(-1) at 573 K. Some theoretical models have been considered when analyzing the experimental results. Study on electric modulus supports the claim that conduction mechanisms depend on composition and are temperature-independent. Studies on the dielectric and modulus properties indicated non-Debye type behavior. As the concentration of Li2O increases, there is an observed rise in space charge polarization and a decrease in impedance. The electrical behavior of the samples has been studied using the Nyquist plot fitted with two R-CPE model circuits. The estimated activation energy based on conductivity (1.214-0.873 eV), electric modulus (1.253-0.81 eV), and impedance (1.247-0.87 eV) analyses are in good agreement.