Role of cow dung and sawdust during the bioconversion of swine waste through the rotary drum composting process

The demand for strategic and environment-friendly swine waste (SW) management is critical in the northeastern states of India, which account for 46.7% of the country's total swine population. This paper examines nutrient-rich compost production from SW with minimal negative environmental fallout, using cow dung microbiological inoculum and sawdust bulking agent for expeditious rotary drum composting. Aerobic biodegradation conducted in a rotary drum composter (RDC), raised the feedstock temperature to > 40 degrees C in just 24 h, which stimulated thermophilic decomposition. The thermophilic phase remained for 16 days in the cow dung-amended 10:1:1 (swine waste:cow dung:sawdust) trial (RDC1) versus 7 days for the sawdust-amended 10:1 (swine waste:sawdust) trial (RDC2). After 20 days, the RDC1 product exhibited superior nutritional characteristics, with a total nitrogen content of 2.52%, a significantly reduced coliform population, and an overall weight loss of 25%. These findings highlight that incorporating cow dung (10% w/w) into SW and bulking agents through RDC produces high-quality compost in just 20 days. Thus, the livestock industry benefits significantly from this laboratory-scale method of improved waste management by producing valuable bioproducts via RDC.