Rational modulation of cellulose for zinc ion-based energy storage devices

Aqueous zinc-ion energy storage technology is currently undergoing intensive exploration. The construction of high-efficiency batteries remains a significant obstacle to the further advancement of novel battery types and enhanced electrochemical performance. Nowadays, cellulose, an abundantly available biopolymer, is garnering attention as a promising green material for energy storage devices, particularly zinc ion-based energy storage devices. Its unique characteristics such as renewability, biodegradability, and excellent chemical stability make it a versatile candidate for various components of zinc-ion energy storage systems. By strategically modulating the properties of cellulose, advanced materials can be developed to enhance the capabilities of zinc-ion storage devices. This review summarizes the structures and characteristics of cellulose before delving into the recent progress achieved in research on zinc-ion energy storage systems using cellulose-based materials. These advancements include cellulose-derived carbon materials for zinc-ion capacitors, flexible zinc-ion capacitors based on cellulose-derived substances, cathodes incorporating cellulose-based hybrids and binders, anodes with cellulose host architectures, surface-modified, self-supporting cellulose separators, cellulose modification of separators, cellulose gel electrolytes and electrolyte additives, and there are prospects for future applications of cellulosic materials in zinc-ion energy storage systems. Through strategic modulation of their properties, the adaptability and efficiency of cellulosic materials in various components of zinc-ion energy storages can be significantly enhanced. Further studies focusing on innovative approaches for modifying, optimizing, and designing cellulosic materials are expected to unlock new avenues for sustainable high-performance energy storage applications.