An Intelligent IoT Based Landfill Fire Prediction and Prevention System

This work focuses on India's tallest heap of garbage at Ghazipur landfill site in New Delhi. About 2000 tonnes of garbage is being dumped at Ghazipur every day and it causes poisonous gases. Fire, sparked by methane gas coming from the garbage and takes days to extinguish. Methane belching from garbage can cause even more toxic gases. The dumping of garbage needs to be stopped for the betterment of people and the environment. The research helps detect the gases released from garbage and the importance of the project increasing due to the growth of solid waste. The detection of the risk of fire and the communication of this situation to the people could reduce the number of fires. The system also helps with automatic detection of fire in garbage-dumped areas and alerts to the authorities. This research work presents a low-cost network based on Long Range (LoRa) network which is able to assess automatically the level of risk of catching fire in the solid waste. The system consists of several LoRa nodes with sensors to scale temperature, relative humidity and increase in methane level. The data coming from LoRa nodes is stored and processed in the server that is The Things Network and sends data finally to a website or an application for the analysis of the collected data using machine learning. This helps in reducing environmental pollution which results in health hazards for the people residing in the vicinity. The Simulation of the Lora Network is done in NS-3 first, for finding the throughput and latency with different scenarios of lora nodes and gateways. The deploying strategies are fixed after ns-3 simulation. The ns-3 simulation is done in ns-3.36.1 using Lora WAN module. Thereafter the prototype model is prepared using LoRA hardware and different sensors. The real time data is collected on the server for data analysis. The work has used machine learning algorithms to analyse real-time sensor data received on a network server through the LoRa Gateway to detect abnormal patterns indicative of a potential fire outbreak and to justify the intelligence of our system. The wireless LoRa communication eliminates extensive wiring, while intelligent data analysis enhances accuracy and minimizes false alarms. Experimental evaluations demonstrate the system's effectiveness in timely fire detection and response, minimizing environmental impact and ensuring community safety. The proposed system presents a promising solution for efficient landfill fire early detection, prevention, and mitigation.