The life cycle assessment and scenario simulation prediction of intelligent electric vehicles

Currently, advancements in intelligence, connectivity, and electrification serve as crucial pillars for enhancing traffic efficiency and reducing energy consumption and emissions, with intelligent electric vehicles holding inherent advantages. This study employs life cycle assessment theory to develop models for evaluating the life cycle of intelligent electric and fuel vehicles, covering four stages: raw material acquisition, manufacturing and assembly, operation and use, and end-of-life recycling. This study further investigates the impact of singlevehicle intelligence and vehicle-road coordination technology on the life cycle energy-saving and emissionreduction performance of electric and fuel vehicles in urban and highway scenarios and examines the potential of clean power structures to reduce the energy consumption and emissions of intelligent electric vehicles. The findings indicate that in urban road scenarios, L2-L3 level intelligent electric vehicles with vehicle-road coordination technology reduce life cycle carbon emissions by 20.22 %-22.35 % compared to the L1 level, while fuel vehicles show a reduction of 15.77 %-19.58 %. In highway scenarios, intelligent electric vehicles achieve a reduction of 12.29 %-14.50 %, whereas fuel vehicles show a decrease of 3.47 %-5.91 %. Finally, a life cycle prediction evaluation model was developed to quantitatively forecast and compare the life cycle energy consumption and emissions of intelligent electric and fuel vehicles by 2035. Research indicates that by 2035, the life cycle carbon emissions of intelligent electric vehicles will decrease by 67.81 % compared to 2023 levels, whereas intelligent fuel vehicles will see a reduction of 60.78 %. The life cycle carbon emissions and overall environmental impact potential of intelligent electric vehicles are expected to be reduced by approximately 30 % and 29 %, respectively, compared to intelligent fuel vehicles. These findings provide theoretical and practical guidance for promoting and developing intelligent electric vehicles.