Rapid and low-cost entropic coefficient measurement technique based on harmonic-dual-frequency electrothermal impedance spectroscopy

The rapid expansion of the global battery market, fueled by the rise of electric vehicles and energy storage systems, necessitates efficient battery recycling and repurposing to foster a sustainable circular economy. This paper presents an innovative, cost-effective, and rapid method for measuring the entropic coefficient of batteries using harmonic-dual-frequency electrothermal impedance spectroscopy. Unlike conventional methods requiring complex and costly setups, our technique utilizes a simple battery cycler, enhancing accessibility and ease of implementation. The proposed method surpasses current state-of-the-art techniques in speed, cost- efficiency, and simplicity without sacrificing accuracy. It facilitates precise entropymetry, which is essential for understanding battery electrode degradation. Additionally, this method holds notable promise for integration into existing sorting lines in recycling plants, potentially resolving current sorting challenges and significantly reducing recycling costs. This could lower production expenses, making batteries more affordable and aligning with circular economy principles by promoting material reuse and waste reduction. This novel method has the potential to transform battery diagnostics and recycling, offering substantial economic and environmental benefits. Future research will aim to refine this technique further and explore its broader adoption within the industry.