Interfacial solar vapor evaporator based on biologically natural composites

Fresh water is one of the basic substances on which human society depends for survival and development. With the urgent need to achieve carbon neutrality, novel nanomaterials and environmentally friendly technologies have been explored and continue to drive the sustainable development of energy storage and conversion devices. Natural biomass materials have good photothermal conversion properties and can efficiently absorb sunlight and convert it into thermal energy for seawater evaporation and desalination. The use of natural biomass materials can significantly improve energy efficiency and reduce energy consumption compared to conventional solar desalination technologies. The cost of natural biomass materials is relatively low because they are widely available and renewable. In addition, biomass materials are relatively simple to extract, process and utilize, which reduces equipment maintenance and operating costs. Some natural biomass materials have good weather resistance and stability and can be operated for long periods of time without damage in harsh marine environments. This makes solar desalination systems using these materials more stable and reliable. Nevertheless, there are many problems in the practical application of these materials in desalination. In this paper, we will discuss the advantages and disadvantages of natural biomass materials in solar seawater desalination, and introduce the research progress in recent years with analysis of their practical applications. In the future, we can further research and develop natural biomass materials with higher efficiency and lower cost to meet the pressure of increasing global demand for fresh water while realizing environmental protection and sustainable development.