Collaborative optimization of zero-emission vessels considering power system volume and operation economy

Fuel cells and batteries are integral to achieving zero-emission maritime transport, delivering an efficient energy solution for offshore vessels. In this paper, an innovative multi-objective, bi-level optimization method is proposed, to minimize operational costs and spatial requirements for vessels, while addressing the interrelated challenges of capacity allocation and energy management. The outer layer of this method optimizes for volume and economic efficiency, determining the ideal power capacity configuration. The inner layer leverages an algorithm to enhance economic performance, with a focus on improving operational efficiency. This bi-layered method results in an energy management strategy that aligns with the hourly energy consumption patterns. A comprehensive analysis across four scenarios assesses the impact of varying electricity costs and ship classifications on the system's configuration. The study reveals that a modest 5% trade-off in economic efficiency can lead to a substantial 57% reduction in system volume, offering a viable and sustainable strategy for maritime operations.