Waste efficiency in cold supply chains through industry 4.0-enabled digitalisation

This study explores the transformative role of Industry 4.0-enabled digitalisation in enhancing waste efficiency and sustainability within cold supply chains. In response to the urgent need to mitigate CO2 emissions and waste amid a 'climate emergency', the research investigates how advanced digital technologies, including Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Things (IoT) and predictive analytics, can optimise waste management practices. Using qualitative methods, including focus groups and semi-structured interviews with industry experts, data were analysed through NVivo 14 software to identify key opportunities and challenges in digital integration. Findings reveal that digital solutions significantly reduce waste through real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance and enhanced transparency. The study contributes to Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by addressing food security, environmental sustainability and energy efficiency. These insights provide practical guidance for policymakers and businesses seeking to align cold chain operations with global sustainability targets and Net Zero objectives, demonstrating the strategic value of Industry 4.0 technologies in tackling pressing ecological and operational challenges.