Advancements in adsorption and photocatalytic degradation technologies of brilliant green from water: Current status, challenges, and future prospects

Brilliant green (BG) is an important group of highly recalcitrant and toxic dyes, and removing it from water may be a serious challenge. In this endeavor, the current state of the art in adsorption and degradation by photocatalysis techniques, which ensure its complete eradication from water systems, is critically reviewed. Regarding the adsorption studies, certain efficiencies regarding the use of the different types of materials are observed to be positive; moreover, both the techniques and nanocomposites remain cost-effective. For example, ZnO and TiO2 present photo-induced, photocatalytic degradation having high degradation rates in the presence of both UV and visible light. Both methods have many issues to deal with, such as material regeneration, selectivity within complex matrices, and being scalable to industrial applications. In this review, we will briefly describe some of the latest developments in the synthesis and modification of adsorbents and photocatalysts, highlighting the trend toward greener and more economically feasible methods. Future directions of research would target enhancing the performance of the materials, compromising energy sources to be included in photocatalysis, and applying such technologies for integration into existing water treatment systems. It is in such efforts that the resolution will support the large-scale application of these technologies toward the remediation of BG and other contaminants from water bodies for better and safer water resources.