AI-powered IoT and UAV systems for real-time detection and prevention of illegal logging

Illegal logging poses a significant threat to environmental conservation, contributing to deforestation, ecosystem disruption, and economic losses. Traditional detection methods, such as ground patrols and satellite imagery, are often ineffective, expensive, and time-consuming. This paper introduces a novel Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV)-based IoT system for chainsaw noise detection and prevention. The system uses low-cost IoT nodes with microphones and microcontrollers to detect chainsaw sounds via a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) model. These nodes reduce power consumption, allowing the battery to last at least 8 years. Detected chainsaw sounds are transmitted to a LoRaWAN gateway and forwarded to a cloud server. The cloud server processes the data and dispatches a drone equipped with a camera to the site. The drone streams live video to the cloud, where AI algorithms analyze the footage for human presence. If detected, the drone activates sound and light alarms to deter illegal logging. Experimental results show that IoT nodes can detect chainsaw sounds up to 100 m, with the CNN model achieving an accuracy of 99.37 % and a loss of 0.0185. Comparisons with Logistic Regression, Decision Tree, Random Forest, and SVM demonstrated the superior performance of CNN. This UAV-IoT system offers a fast, reliable, scalable, and real-time solution for detecting and preventing illegal logging. Leveraging advanced AI and IoT technologies, this system enhances environmental monitoring and conservation efforts. It represents a significant step forward in the fight against illegal logging, providing a practical, effective, and sustainable solution.