Thermal analysis of magnetohydrodynamic couple-stress hybrid nanofluid flow in porous medium with Hall and ion-slip effects

The novel investigation of quadratically mixed convective magneto-hydrodynamic (MHD) flow of hybrid nanofluid with couple stress effect in a porous channel is dealt with within this paper under the isothermal boundary conditions. The impact of an externally implemented transverse magnetic field under the Hall and ion-slip effects, producing a cross-flow, along with the quadratic thermal radiation under the Rosseland approximation, are considered. The hybrid nanofluid (HNF) is composed of silver (Ag) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) dispersed in a base fluid of ethylene glycol, considering the base fluid and the nanoparticles to be in a state of thermal equilibrium. The study can be applicable to the development of cooling systems. In high-performance computing and power electronics, cooling systems dissipate heat from processors and other components. Coolants through these microchannels, maximizing surface area for efficient heat transfer. Implementing the homotopy analysis method (HAM), the dimensionless governing equations are evaluated. The irreversibility in the system is analyzed based on the entropy generation number and the Bejan number. The analysis emphasizes the influence of parameters concerning the volumetric concentration of the nanoparticles, quadratic Boussinesq and thermal radiation, Hall and ion-slip effect, temperature-dependent electrical conductivity, and porous material through suitable graphs and tables. The exhaustive analysis reveals that the entropy generation rate maximizes for higher Hall current, quadratic radiation, and variable electrical conductivity. In contrast, it reduces for higher nanoparticle concentration, ion-slip effect, and lower permeability. The heat transfer rate maximizes for higher concentrations, Hall and ion-slip effect, quadratic convection, and quadratic thermal radiation.