With the continuous innovation in fundamental science and engineering technology, we have entered the era of the fourth-generation synchrotron radiation photon sources. To meet the growing demand for advanced synchrotron radiation light sources in multiple foundational scientific fields, there is an urgent need to advance the physical design and engineering development of the fourth-generation synchrotron radiation photon sources towards the standardization and intelligent upgrade of photon source equipment. New measurement technologies, advances in detector technology, and advancements in multimodal data utilization and data analysis algorithms are driving the intelligent upgrading of synchrotron radiation. However, challenges also arise in data analysis, beamline control, and equipment utilization efficiency. In recent years, digital twin has emerged as a crucial innovation in digital transformation and intelligent upgrading. Driven by data and models, digital twin enables monitoring, simulation, prediction and optimization. Digital twin has the potential to reduce operating and time costs, improve the productivity of existing systems, enhance maintenance, simplify accessibility, and create a safer working environment. Digital twin of mega-science facilities has become a new way to improve facilities utilization efficiency, reduce operating costs, accelerate material discovery, and make the entire lifecycle of mega-science facilities intelligent, such as equipment management and operation, material radiographic characterization processes. We leverage digital twin technology to create highly realistic digital models of real-world entities using big data and artificial intelligence. This technology facilitates the interaction and symbiosis between digital twin and physical entities through connections and data exchange. Driven by data and models, we enable digital twin to perform monitoring, simulation, prediction, and optimization. By integrating advanced technologies such as big data analytics, artificial intelligence, and machine learning with digital twin, we expand their application scope and capabilities. As a cutting-edge technology, we see digital twin continually evolving and expanding their applications, emerging as a vital tool for the digital transformation and intelligent upgrading of synchrotron facilities. This review focuses on the deployment and application of digital twin in advanced synchrotron radiation facilities. First, we summarize and introduce the development and operation of synchrotron radiation photon sources, followed by a detailed introduction to the fundamental concepts and current status of digital twin. Next, we explore the critical applications of digital twin in advanced synchrotron radiation photon sources such as the lifecycle management, accelerator tuning and beamline optimization. Furthermore, we summarize the potential integration of digital twin in important synchrotron radiation application exports such as energy, catalysis, and medicine. Moreover, using BSRF-4B7A and 1W1A beamlines as case studies, we assess the key deployment aspects of digital twin in advanced synchrotron radiation scientific discoveries based on the hardware characteristics of beamline stations. We also propose the empowerment prospects of multi-scale simulation-driven digital twin in the future development of advanced synchrotron radiation photon sources. Finally, we address the challenges and prospects faced by digital twin in advanced synchrotron radiation photon sources mainly concerning practical applications, system architecture, standardization, safety, and deployment. To sum up, this review provides a comprehensive summary of the current applications of digital twin in advanced synchrotron radiation photon sources and showcasing its significant potential for future applications. It aims to provide scientific references for promoting the deployment and application of digital twin in synchrotron radiation and assisting scientific breakthroughs in the future.
