Scientific culture provides a solid foundation and is an important indicator of a world leader in science and technology. This article explores the meaning and structure of scientific culture and expounds its role in the development of the economy and society. It focuses on the importance of scientific culture in the construction of a world leader in science and technology through a brief review of the process of the development of global science powers. Based on that analysis, the author proposes that in China's journey to become a world leader in science and technology, we should take scientific culture as the foundation and the only way to develop our scientific cause.