Visualizing charge transfer and nuclear quantum effects in the hydrogen bond network of water

<正>Water,one of the most common and important solvents on earth,is widely used in biology,physics,chemistry,and other fields [1].The hydrogen bond interactions between water molecules form a highly dynamic and synergistic network[2],which plays a key role in the properties of water.The electron charge transfer and nuclear quantum effect(NQE)are important factors affecting the stability and structure of hydrogen bond networks [3],directly influencing water-involved biological and chemical processes.