Considering the respect that hydroxyl ions are generally approved to be the dominant charge carriers in hydroxyapatite, a well-known bio-material, apatite ceramics can be anticipated to work as electrolytes for high temperature-fuel cells. In the present work, it was studied how the changes of OH- lattice sites of the hexagonal structure influence the conduction characteristics. The change in OH- lattice sites was introduced by the formation of apatite solid solutions Ca2+-substituted with various cations such as Na+, Sr2+, Y3+ and La3+. The most pronounced effect on conduction properties was observed in the compound Ca10-xMx(PO4)6(OH)2-xOx, where M represents Y3+ or La3+. Based on apatite structure, a model was proposed to interpret the effect.