The feasibility of gas surface alloying of Titanium alloys by laser has been already studied. However relevant difficulties in the aforesaid process result in surface chemical heterogeneity and roughness. We tried to overcome these problems by optimizing the nitriding and carburizing treatments with a pulsed Nd-YAG laser. Treated samples were examined by metallographic techniques, XRD and by hardness and roughness tests. Results showed that carburized layers exhibit better properties compared with nitrided ones, both as hardness profiles and surface roughness. Preliminary wear tests confirmed the better behaviour of carburized layers.