This article examines the need for structures and materials R & D to ensure that the structures of the next generation of Canadian transport aircraft will embody materials advances and technology advances as well as the most recent airworthiness regulation demands. It illustrates the fact that the problems of commuter size aircraft designed to the transport category requirements of FAR Part 25 are not of concern to U. S. companies, especially the larger ones. While recognizing that Canadian government agencies are under pressure to cut costs, a case is made for going ahead with planning and co-ordination despite our present financial constraints.