The review is devoted to consideration of basic requirements to the composition of mineral components of drinking water and to latest achievements in the field of ion exchange utilization for its conditioning. Different variants of ion-exchange technology of brackish water desalination, softening, denitrification and correction of the ionic composition of drinking water impurities are analyzed. It is pointed out that ion-exchange technology is used in drinking water treatment for correcting macroimpurity composition: sulfates, chlorides, nitrates, hardness salts, as well as reducing the total salt content in water when the employment of traditional methods of drinking water treatment is inexpedient. Appoaches to the disinfection of ion-exchange filter media are discussed.