A model is advanced of separation of the soft phase on the surface of an antifriction self-lubricating alloy. This model has served to investigate the dependence of the quantity of a solid lubricating material appearing on the alloy's surface on the basic characteristics of the components of the alloy (the yield limit of the hard and soft phases of the alloy, the sizes of inclusions and the spacing between them). Two aluminum antifriction alloys AO10S2 and AO20-1 have been compared. The results of the studies have served to advance recommendations about the development of new alloys with better wear and scoring resistance.