Three-dimensional transient flow of spin-up in a filled cylinder with oblique gravity force

Three-dimensional transient flow profiles of spin-up in a fully liquid filled cylinder from rest with gravity acceleration at various directions are numerically simulated and studied. Particular interests are concentrated on the development of temporary reverse flow zones and Ekman layer right after the impulsive start of spin-up from rest, and decay before the flow reaching to the solid rotation. Relationship of these flow developments and differences in the Reynolds numbers of the flow and its size selection of grid points concerning the numerical instabilities of flow computations are also discussed. In addition to the gravitational acceleration along the axial direction of cylindrical container, a series of complicated flow profiles accompanied by three-dimensional transient flows with oblique gravitational acceleration has been studied.