The system approach foundations are given in solving practical problems connected with the selection of optimal lubricating compositions with metal-containing additives. There are considered serviceability of friction pairs made of different materials and the real physical models of the interaction of compositions with additives of metals and alloys powders with the friction surfaces of mated components. An example is given on the lubricating optimal composition selection on the base of plastic lubrication with addition of ultrafine zinc-cadmium alloy powders.