In this book an attempt has been made to present an economic assessment of possible modes of preparation of ethanol from various forms of biomass, natural resources and their waste materials or by-products. A chapter on current technology is also included. The present and potential availability of biomass from sugar crops, grains and grasses and silviculture is considered. Current crop production, proposed crops grown specifically for energy production and crop wastes and residues are discussed. Finally, to determine the actual practicality of fueling motor vehicles with ethanol, either 100% or in blends, several sets of engine test data are reviewed. The results seem favorable, 10 to 20% ethanol blends performing very similarly to straight gasoline with slight gains in octane rating and mileage. Some books' chapters are accompanied by bibliographic data.