A drawing procedure of vector diagrams is presented for the performance analysis of universal motors with lag angle brushes. Using this procedure, some examples are described. They are brush voltage drop, leakage reactance, iron loss angle, and mechanical loss separation etc. A trend of increase of main flux in the running condition while the main current is maintained same as in the locked-rotor condition is found by the analysis and it is verified experimentally by search-coils. This trend is presumed due to the MMF of armature coils under commutation.