Since the signal processing system is an important part of distributed optical fiber temperature sensor, the study on it is of great significance for reducing the output noise of both detector and amplifier, and for improving the resolution in both time and temperature of the optical fiber temperature sensor. In this paper, the requirements of the sensor on the signal processing system were introduced for improving the time resolution, and an implemental method of parallel sampling integration was put forward with its obtainable time resolution given. Besides, the corresponding signal processing system was also introduced.