The current methods of ultrasonic inspection of austenitic welded joints are analyzed. It is shown that as a result of the presence of the transcrystalline structure in the metals, they are characterized by the anisotropy of the acoustic properties which also results in a high level of structural noise and rapid attenuation and anomalous propagation of ultrasound. Recommendations are given for the selection of the parameters, transducers, and ultrasonic inspection procedures.