This paper presents the results of field and laboratory investigations undertaken to determine the role that material variability, mix design factors, and other parameters play in the performance of recycled asphalt pavements on secondary roads. After the pertinent literature on the economics and procedures associated with various recycling methods was reviewed, a sampling program was developed to collect cores from existing pavements. This coring program was undertaken to evaluate the variability of the materials that form the asphalt pavements of county roads and city streets in Indiana.