Many parts of machines are operated under conditions of cyclic loads. This leads to short service life of the parts. In order to improve service life, various methods of treatment are applied. One of these methods is pulsed electric current treatment or electric stimulation. Process of pulsed electric current treatment of austenitic steel of 45G17Yu3 grade has been investigated. The γ-Ε transformation has been studied. Variation of structure of the metal has been considered. It has been shown that improvement in the steel quality is connected with reconstruction of grain structure, dislocation annihilation, formation of microtwins.