INFLUENCE OF GROUND RODS ON GROUNDING GRIDS.

Detailed analysis of ground rods and their influence on horizontal ground conductors, such as those forming grounding grids, is performed assuming a two layer soil stratification. The study starts with a discussion of the adequacy of uniform and two-layer soils as equivalent models for actual soil structures. Following this, a typical ground rod is analyzed, while it is progressively associated with other ground rods, and ultimately, with horizontal conductors. The same procedure is also applied to a horizontal conductor. The results, shown using numerous charts which can be used conveniently for practical design purposes, lead to several interesting conclusions, many of which are new or still unpublished.