The effect of Tl substitution for Hg in the Hg-Ba-Cu-O system has been investigated for a wide substitution range. A single-layer system was maintained until 50% of Tl substitution, and above 50%, a double-layer system was observed. Tl substitution brought about an overdoping state in the CuO2 plane, probably because (TlO)+ was introduced for Hg2+. A simple explanation for the change from a single-layer to the double-layer system is presented.