Forced convection transition boiling of refrigerants

Transition boiling of a fluid is characterized by a stochastic change between liquid and vapor contact on the heated wall. A control system for electrically heated test sections, so-called dither technique, is applied to carry out steady state temperature controlled experiments in the transition region. Based on a comparison of the present results with data from the literature, two universal methods to predict heat transfer in transition boiling are proposed. The two methods are, in most practical cases, applicable to natural and forced convection conditions.