Determining economic value-added through a business perspective

Everyone agrees that improving productivity is good. Talk abounds about the need to utilize economic value added, life-cycle analysis, payback, rates of return, and other economic metrics when considering applying technology. But how are these being determined in the real world? Are they being used in real processing and manufacturing situations? What are the resulting values for the economic indicators? What are the pitfalls? This paper addresses these questions while presenting case examples.