The history and main trends in activities of the Sankt-Peterburg (later Petrograd and Leningrad) Polytechnical Institute, which is called the Sankt-Peterburg State Technical University nowadays, were considered. The Institute general goal was the preparation of engineering, scientific and pedagogical brain-staffs for thermal power plants and power engineering on the base of comprehensive fundamental and applied researches. The main achievements in the fields of thermodynamics, thermal physics, heat and mass transfer theory, hydrogasdynamics, strength theory, automatic control, materials testing, etc., were briefly discussed.