Process modelling has become accepted as a normal part of the design and improvement of industrial processes. A rapid increase in the use and application of computer modelling has occurred over the past decade due to the increase in capability of desk-top computers. The Steel industry now has an array of powerful computer-based modelling and simulation tools at its disposal, and these are widely used. This paper presents an overview of the use of modelling and simulation techniques applied to steel mill processes in an industrial context. Modelling techniques include finite element methods, finite difference applications, and the use of neural networks and expert systems. The application of these methods to flat and long product production processes within a 'through-mill' modelling capability are demonstrated to show the potential of computer models to process design and simulation.