Submerged-arc welding is a process by which fusion is achieved by heating the metal with an arc between a base metal electrode and the work. Submerged-arc welding can be of considerable help to many plant engineers. The prime benefit is a saving in welding costs - from 50 to 90 percent. More weld metal can be deposited faster, and at a lower cost, with submerged-arc welding than by any other method. Additional benefits include faster completion of repair or construction, more uniform welds, better ductility, deep penetration, easily removed slag, no spatter, and good X-ray quality.