Results are presented of an experimental investigation of the process of the formation of deposits on highly-stressed heating surfaces at supercritical pressure of the medium in application to once-through boilers of 300 MW units. The experiments were conducted on a test plant which had a limiting steam output of 3 t/h at a pressure of 240 bar. Data are given about removal of magnesium sulfate by the supercritical pressure medium. The experiments lead to the conclusion that the laws governing the process of formation of deposits of impurities dissolved in feedwater are determined by the solubility of a given substance at the parameters of the wall-adjacent layer. In standardizing the quality of feedwater with respect to hardness one ought to take notice of compounds which have the lowest solubility in the region of maximum specific heat. Calcium sulphate and magnesium hydroxide are such compounds.