Under certain conditions carbon deposition can occur on the hot surface of fuel pins during irradiation in a gas-cooled nuclear reactor at such a rate that the heat transfer capabilities of the fuel pins may be affected. Methods of sampling and examining carbon deposits on fuel cladding in the Windscale advanced gas-cooled reactor are described. Deposition is observed on fuel cladding in both the reactor core and experimental loops in carbon dioxide coolants containing various amounts of carbon monoxide and methane. Deposit distribution over the cladding surface indicates that nucleation is dependent on local surface conditions.